The tendency to develop CPL is largely genetic. Cold-blooded breeds, as well as Friesians, are particularly susceptible, while warmbloods such as KWPN horses are rarely affected. However, whether a horse actually develops CPL depends mainly on management factors — and especially on mites!

Breed-specific susceptibility

Certain breeds are very prone to CPL, such as the Belgian Draft Horse. Other draft breeds and Tinkers are also commonly affected. In CPL, the lymph vessels in the legs become damaged. The lymphatic system normally removes fluid (and waste) from the legs, but because horses have long, narrow limbs, this drainage system is fragile. CPL causes thick folds, ridges, and nodules on the lower legs and around the pasterns. These folds often become infected or develop sores. CPL can be painful, itchy, and restrict movement. It’s not curable — but with proper care, progression can be slowed.

Mites: a major risk factor for CPL

Research by Ghent University (2022–2025) into CPL in Belgian Draft Horses found that almost all horses of this breed develop CPL as they age, reducing their welfare. Many are euthanized early due to severe CPL symptoms. Nearly all studied horses were also infested with mites — even foals. The only species found was Chorioptes bovis. A control group of warmbloods showed no mites and no CPL. Earlier studies also found that Belgian Drafts and Friesians commonly carry mites, while Shetland ponies never do. The new Belgian research confirms that horses with mite infestations are at much higher risk of developing CPL. Treating the mites significantly improved symptoms: although the ridges and folds remained, the skin healed better and the itching disappeared once the mites were eliminated.

Simple management adjustments

You can’t change your horse’s DNA, but you can improve management — and that’s key to controlling CPL. Proper nutrition with low sugar levels is essential. Many cold-blooded breeds do poorly on rich pasture or high-starch feeds. However, sufficient vitamins and minerals are needed to maintain strong immunity. A balancer or vitamin supplement is recommended, even for “easy keepers.” When nutrient levels are low, mites, fungi, and bacteria are more likely to cause skin issues. Movement is also vital: the lymphatic system has no pump, so it relies on muscular movement to transport lymph. Horses kept in stables for long periods often develop “stocking up” or filled legs. Plenty of free movement helps prevent CPL.

Clipping feathers

Cold-blooded horses often have beautiful thick feathers, but these can hide skin problems and provide warmth and shelter for parasites like mites. As a result, infestations are often noticed late. Clipping can help control parasites and make CPL treatment more effective.

Supplements and extra care

With proper management, parasite control, good feed, and adequate exercise, you can make great progress. You can also support your horse’s skin by using sprays with beneficial bacteria in the pasterns. If small wounds or flakes appear, a clove-based anti-inflammatory supplement may help. Supporting the immune and lymphatic systems with a gentle nettle detox four times a year can also be beneficial.