Patellar luxation, also known as a 'loose kneecap', is a condition in which the dog's kneecap displaces from its normal position. The kneecap is usually located in a cartilage groove at the bottom of the femur. In patellar luxation, the kneecap can shift inward or outward. A loose knee affects the bending of the knee, causing the dog to not be able to properly support itself on that leg.

Symptoms of a loose knee

When your dog has patellar luxation, it can be clearly visible or only occasionally noticeable. It is usually seen after exertion, a long walk, or playing. The symptoms range from occasionally lowering a paw to permanently abnormal walking. Sometimes the kneecap returns to its normal position, making the problems seem to disappear temporarily. A clear indication is abnormal use of the hind legs while walking, but limping and discomfort can also be an indication of a loose knee.

Causes of a loose knee

In many cases, there is a hereditary factor involved. Congenital abnormalities in the knee joint can cause patellar luxation. An accident or injury can also cause a loose knee when the ligaments holding the kneecap in place tear. Finally, certain diseases, such as Cushing's disease, can cause slackening of tendons and muscles, which can also prevent the kneecap from staying in place.

Which breeds are prone to patellar luxation?

Although a loose knee can occur in all breeds, there are some breeds that are more susceptible to this condition due to genetic predisposition. The kneecap can displace medially (medial luxation) or laterally (lateral luxation). About 75% of all luxations are medial patella luxations. This form is more common in small breeds such as Chihuahua, Yorkshire Terrier, Pekingese, and Cavalier King Charles Spaniel. Lateral luxation is more common in larger and giant breeds such as Great Dane, St. Bernard, Irish Wolfhound, and Newfoundland. However, both forms can occur in all dogs. It is usually first seen when the dog is young-adult, around one year old.

How severe is a loose knee in dogs?

Patellar luxation occurs in various degrees. In milder forms, the knee easily returns to the correct position. But the kneecap can also be permanently luxated, accompanied by cartilage changes and crooked legs. If the kneecap is severely luxated, surgery is usually the best option. It is essential to take patellar luxation in dogs seriously and treat it promptly to prevent further complications. So, if in doubt, consult your veterinarian.

What to do for a loose knee?

There are several measures you can take to help your dog if it has a mild or initial patellar luxation, or to prevent a loose knee.

• Healthy weight: Obesity can worsen the symptoms of patellar luxation. Ensure your dog is at a healthy weight to reduce pressure on the knees.

• Physiotherapy and exercises: If a mild form of patellar luxation has been diagnosed by the veterinarian, a physiotherapist may recommend exercises to strengthen the muscles around the knee. This can help keep the kneecap in place.

• Avoid overloading: Limit jumping and running, especially on hard surfaces.

• Medication: Pain relievers and anti-inflammatories can provide temporary relief, but always consult your veterinarian.

• Supplements: The mineral silicon is essential to keep the joints healthy.

• Orthopedic aids: There are special braces and bandages available for dogs with loose knees.

Remember that the above measures do not remove the underlying cause of patellar luxation. If the symptoms are severe or if the kneecap frequently dislocates, surgery is usually the best solution for your dog.