Underweight in horses

Most horses are more likely to suffer from overweight than from underweight. But some horses have a lot of trouble maintaining weight. The difficulty in gaining weight is almost as challenging as getting a horse to lose weight.

Why does a horse remain thin?

Just like in humans, some horses have a quicker metabolism than others, making it easier for them to gain weight. This is related to metabolism. For example, easy keeping horses have a more efficient metabolism, utilizing more nutrients in the feed, requiring less and therefore gaining weight easily.

Young horses can also sometimes remain thin, as they are still growing and using all their energy for that purpose. These horses often gain weight easily once the growth spurt is over.

Another reason for difficulty gaining weight is stress. This can be stress due to a physical discomfort (illness, stomach ulcer, pain, etc.), or psychological stress from incorrect housing, for example. These horses use a lot of energy for other bodily processes, but often eat less. Stress disrupts digestion, increasing the chance of diarrhea, which reduces nutrient absorption.

Older horses often struggle to maintain weight, especially in winter when they use energy to stay warm. Older horses can also develop dental problems, making eating more difficult.

How to help a horse gain weight?

Before increasing a horse's feed, it is important to determine why the horse is thin and address the underlying issue. For example, a horse with a stomach ulcer may not eat well due to pain, so treating the ulcer is crucial. A horse lacking rest due to improper housing conditions (or lack of companionship) will also not take the time to eat well.

Do not suddenly increase a horse's feed drastically, as with weight loss, weight gain should happen gradually. A sudden change can lead to other problems in the body, such as digestive issues or even laminitis. Be cautious when adjusting and increasing feed.

Beet pulp, grass pellets, grass, and/or alfalfa are often used to help horses gain weight. Especially beet pulp is a good product for this purpose, as it is low in sugar and can therefore be given in larger quantities. Try to avoid large portions and excessive amounts of concentrate feed, the focus should be on roughage. When in doubt, consult your veterinarian or feed specialist if your horse needs to gain weight significantly.

Steps to help your horse gain weight

1. Investigate why your horse remains thin and take steps to address the cause.

2. Consult with your veterinarian/nutrition specialist to determine the most suitable feed to help your horse gain weight.

3. Give your horse multiple extra feedings throughout the day.

4. Avoid an excess of sugars, so do not suddenly put your horse on lush pasture or feed large amounts of concentrate.

5. Take your time, weight gain should happen gradually so the horse can adjust to the changes and prevent other issues from arising in the body.